Deep varicose veins are a very unpleasant and very dangerous injury to the venous vessels of the circulatory system.
Varicose veins deep in the lower extremities are a pathology that spreads to the vessels that pass through the muscular structures of the legs. The stretching and expansion of the venous vessels significantly impair blood flow and become the cause of the onset and progression of thrombosis.
The danger of this disease lies in the appearance of a high probability of detachment of a thrombus formed in the vessel wall and its transport to the pulmonary artery.
When this disease occurs, there is an irreversible process of stretching and expanding the venous vessels. As the process progresses, there is a thinning of the venous wall and the formation of nodules that prevent the free transport of blood through the vessels.
Most of the time, people aged 30 to 40 years or more are susceptible to this disease.
The causes of the onset and development of the disease can be a variety of adverse factors. Varicose veins are the result of a serious disturbance in blood circulation in a specific area of the lower extremities.
As the disease develops in the patient, trophic ulcers may appear instead of circulatory disorders, which can cause gangrene - a condition that requires amputation of the affected part of the limb.
In addition, VRV can cause deformation of the muscles of the lower extremities, and the formation of a blood clot with its possible separation and subsequent transport to the pulmonary artery can lead to death.
The main factors that contribute to the appearance of the disorder and its progression are as follows:
In addition, the causes of the disease can be:
In addition, cellulite can become the cause of the development of pathologies.
The timely detection of the disease allows the visit of a qualified phlebolg at the first suspicion of the appearance of the disease.
Most of the time, in the initial stage of progression, the disease manifests itself by the appearance of a slight fatigue in the legs after a prolonged static load on them or after a long walk. In addition, during this period, a small swelling of the tissues of the extremities appears.
The most common symptoms of the disease appear at the end of the day and gradually disappear with a long rest. When these signs appear, it is necessary to consult a phlebologist and carry out special studies to identify and clarify the presence of the pathology.
The use of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods allows us to identify the degree of development of the disease and decide on the use of an appropriate and timely course of treatment of the disease. As the disease progresses, it reaches more advanced stages, characterized by the appearance of a whole spectrum of symptoms and signs characteristic of a progressive disease.
For advanced stages of pathology, the following symptoms are characteristic:
The progression of the disease leads to the appearance of small wounds that do not heal for a long time and later turn into trophic ulcers.
In the absence of adequate and timely treatment, the development of the disease for the patient can be fatal. The progression of varicose veins leads to a gradual deformation of muscle structures and the appearance of negative changes in the skin and bone mass.
With prolonged progression, the patient develops signs of eczema and forms trophic ulcers that can turn into gangrene. Which leads to sepsis or death.
The thrombus formation process develops in the venous vessels affected by the varicose veins. As a result of this process, the formed thrombus is able to break and be transported by the circulatory system.
When a blood clot enters the pulmonary artery, it becomes blocked and the person dies.
An experienced phlebologist can determine the presence of varicose veins in the lower extremities by characteristic symptoms that are clearly visible even in the photo of the legs, but the disease treatment methods are selected individually after a detailed examination of the patient and takingtaking into account all the individual characteristics of your body.
Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are used to identify the presence and stage of development of the disease. Laboratory methods include a general blood and urine test.
The most common method of instrumental diagnosis is the ultrasound examination of the venous vessels in the legs. This technique allows visualizing the vascular system and identifying the degree of evolution of the pathological process.
In addition, if necessary, the attending physician prescribes the following:
The use of occlusive venous plethysmography allows to reveal the volume of blood in the veins of the lower extremities.
Only after a thorough examination and obtaining the results, does the patient receive an appropriate course of treatment.
Modern medicine offers several options for treating the disease - medicated, non-medicated and surgical.
In addition, after consultation with the attending physician, you can use non-traditional and alternative treatment methods at home.
Surgery is the most reliable way to treat the disease. The use of drug therapy in the form of tablets, special ointments and gels for external use can play a complementary role and is, in fact, a supportive therapy.
The use of drug therapy involves the use of various types of drugs in the course of treatment - anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, venotonic and fibrinolytic action
Anticoagulants thin the blood and prevent the formation of blood clots. Anti-inflammatories contribute to the relief of inflammatory processes in the walls of venous vessels. Venotonics help to increase the tone of the vein walls and fibrinolytics help to dissolve small clots and clean the venous bed.
Thanks to the use of medications, most of the time, a manifestation of the disease, such as edema, disappears, in addition, there is an improvement in the condition of the superficial skin. The main condition for using medications is strict compliance with the doctor's recommendations and compliance with the dosages of the medications taken.
For the complete cure of varicose veins, surgery is recommended.
In addition, surgical methods are used in the absence of positive dynamics during drug therapy.
The most common methods of surgical treatment of pathology are:
Sclerotherapy involves the use of special substances during the procedure - sclerosing agents, injected into the lumen of the affected vein and leading to adhesion of the vessel walls. This procedure allows the removal of the venous vessel from the circulatory system, which prevents the development of pathologies. This technique is used very rarely in the case of a serious form of violation.
Phlebectomy consists of removing the affected area from the venous vessel. Most of the time, this method is used to identify lesions of superficial veins, but in some cases it is applicable in the treatment of deep venous vessels of the extremities.
Laser coagulation is a type of minimally invasive surgical intervention performed by means of a laser, allowing the affected area of the vein to be removed from the circulatory system by gluing its walls under the action of laser radiation. This treatment method received the most positive feedback from patients, due to the fact that it is practically painless and does not require a long recovery period.
The use of surgical treatment methods allows you to completely get rid of the characteristic symptoms of varicose veins. And the choice of the operative technique depends on the degree of evolution of the pathology, on the individual characteristics of the patient and is performed by the attending physician.